<p>Vernon County Jail, Sheriffs House and Office, also known as the Bushwhacker Museum, is a historic jail and sheriffs residence located at Nevada, Vernon County, Missouri. The stone building was built in 1871 and consists of: a two-story, rectangular-plan, Federal-style residence; a two-story, four-room office; and a one-story, rectangular jail. The building ceased use as a jail in 1960 and houses a local history museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Infirmary Building, Missouri State Hospital Number 3, also known as the Nevada State Hospital, is a historic hospital building located at Nevada, Vernon County, Missouri. It was built in 1937, as a Public Works Administration  project. It is an X-shaped Kirkbride Plan building and consists of a four-story central block with four three- and four-story wings. The building is of reinforced concrete construction, faced in red brick, and is in the Modernist style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Joe M. Beutell House in Thomasville, Georgia was built in 1930. It is notable for its Tudor Revival architecture and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>It was built by and for contractor Joe M. Beutell and was designed by architect Russell L. Beutell (1891–1943).</p><br>
<p>It was later the home of Judge Reason C. Bell while he was chief justice of the Georgia Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>Prairie View Stock Farm, also known as the Bluestem Ranch, is a historic farm and national historic district in western Missouri located near Rich Hill; it covers territory in both Bates and Vernon counties. The district encompasses four contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and two contributing structures in a Rural Historic Landscape District. The contributing sites include a hay meadow, a tall-fescue prairie, and a 160-acre plot of native, tall-grass prairie. It is a state-designated Prairie View Natural Area.</p><br>
<p>The contributing buildings are a transverse-crib barn/grain house (c. 1879), a barn/feeding facility, a two-story, frame, folk Victorian house (1893-1894); and a frame privy (1893-1894). The contributing structures are a storm cellar (1893-1894) and an arbor (c. 1895).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Starke–Meinershagen–Boeke Rural Historic District is a historic national historic district located near Marthasville, Warren County, Missouri. The district encompasses seven contributing buildings on an 1860s farmstead. The contributing buildings are a two-story, brick I-house and brick smokehouse dated between 1863 and 1870; and a gambrel roof barn, two machine sheds, a garage, and a hen house dated to the early-20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Warren County Courthouse and Circuit Court Building were two historic government buildings and a national historic district located at Warrenton, Warren County, Missouri. They were two brick hipped roofed buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The buildings have been demolished.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was built between 1869 and 1871 and was a two-story, Classical Revival style building. It had a symmetrical plan, cast-iron columns, rounded-arch windows, recessed arch entrance doors, and cupola. The Circuit Court Building was built in 1866 and was a two-story building with iron shutters.</p><br>
<p>Ernst Schowengerdt House is a historic home located at Warrenton, Warren County, Missouri. The original section was built in 1866, as a two-story, five bay brick dwelling with two Classical Revival style porches. It was extensively remodeled in the Queen Anne style in 1892–1893. The remodeling added a three-story round tower emerging halfway through the main block of the house. The building houses the Warren County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Southwestern Bell Repeater Station-Wright City, also known as the AT&T Repeater Station and Reliance Automotive, is a historic telephone repeater station located at Wright City, Warren County, Missouri. It was built in 1930 by Southwestern Bell, and is a one-story, Tudor Revival style variegated brick building. It features decorative quoins and entrance and window surrounds accented by terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Borgmann Mill was a historic grist mill located near Marthasville, Warren County, Missouri. It was built between 1847 and 1850, and was a 1 1/2-story, timber frame building. The mill was powered by mule teams or oxen. At its listing it was the only "barley huller and corn grinder" constructed entirely of wood left in Missouri or the Middle West.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and delisted in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Flanders Callaway House was a historic home formerly located near Marthasville, Warren County, Missouri. It was built about 1812, and was a two-story, five-bay, walnut hewn-log frontier house. The house was typical of early Federal style log constructions found in Kentucky and Tennessee. Its builder Flanders Callaway was a son-in-law of famed frontiersman Daniel Boone, husband of his second eldest daughter Jemima. Daniel Boone&#39;s funeral in 1820 was held in the barn of the Flanders Callaway homestead. The house was completely dismantled in 1968 and sold in 1979 and moved to St. Charles County for reassembly.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 and delisted in 1994.</p><br>
<p>George Cresswell Furnace, also known as the George Cresswell Furnace Stack is a historic lead furnace located near Potosi, Washington County, Missouri. It was built about 1840, and is an open hearth furnace measuring about 100 feet square at its base and constructed of massive limestone blocks interlaced with mortar. The stack rises to a height of approximately 25 feet.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Solomon Rockwell House is a historic house museum at 226 Prospect Street in the Winsted area of Winchester, Connecticut, United States. The main portion of the house, built about 1813, is a particularly fine example of Greek Revival architecture. The house is owned by the Winchester Historical Society, and has displays of 19th-century artifacts relating to local manufacturing business and the American Civil War, and it also hosts the local fire museum. It is open by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Solomon Rockwell House is located northwest of downtown Winsted, at the southwest corner of Lake and Prospect Streets, on a rise overlooking the Mad River. The main house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a front-facing gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. A series of ells extend to its left side, ending in a small carriage barn. One of these ells is an older house, built in the mid-18th century. The main block is distinguished by a Greek Revival temple portico with two-story columns.</p><br>
<p>The house achieved much of its present appearance in 1813, when the main block and carriage barn were built. This design was the work of William Swift, an early Connecticut architect. Solomon Rockwell, for whom it was built, owned two iron forges in town. The house passed to the historical society in the 1920s, and has served as a museum since then.</p><br>
<p>Caledonia Historic District is a national historic district located at Caledonia, Washington County, Missouri. It encompasses 33 in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Caledonia. It developed between about 1818 and 1936 and includes representative examples of Greek Revival and Neoclassical style architecture. Notable buildings include the Ruggles-Evans-Dent house , Conoco service station , Tyro Masonic Lodge , Eversole House , Post office , Benton Sinclair store , McSpaden&#39;s Golden Rule Store , Methodist Church , Presbyterian Church , and Caledonia School .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Fort Benton, also known as Fort Hill, is a historic American Civil War fortification located near Patterson, Wayne County, Missouri. Its earthen walls measure approximately 100 feet by 100 feet. The fortification supported an encampment of Union troops stationed at Patterson to secure the area against local Confederate guerillas. It was also one of a string of fortifications designed protect Union Missouri from invasion from Confederate Arkansas.</p><br>
<p>Fort Benton was named after William Plummer Benton</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Mine Hills Preserve is a natural and historical conservation area on Mine Hills Road in northwestern Roxbury, Connecticut. Owned by the Roxbury Land Trust, it protects the site of a well-preserved 19th-century iron mine and furnace works. Several miles of trails provide access to abandoned quarry areas and the preserved remains of the iron works, whose uses are explained by informational panels. The preserve is open from dawn to dusk. The 360 acre preserve was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>When Roxbury was first settled in the 18th century, the land form now known as Mine Hill was called Spruce Hill and was common land. Its stone outcrops were eventually recognized for their minerals, and a few attempts were made in the mid-18th century to extract gold, silver, and lead from the mountain. None of these efforts lasted more than a few years, but shafts dug into the hill survive from this period. In the early 19th century a geological analysis found the presence of carbonated iron ore, a rare and highly desirable form of ore that was probably unknown to the early miners. Disputes over land ownership delayed exploitation of the resource until 1865, when the Shepaug Spathic Iron and Steel Company purchased the hill and began to develop it. It set up a mining operation, with a railroad carrying ore to furnaces near the base of the hill, and built a small town for the workers. Mineral Spring Brook was dammed to create a reservoir that would provide a reliable water supply. Later in the 19th century, a granite quarry was also opened near the base of hill, its products were transported by rail to market in New York City. The iron furnace and mining operation was closed in 1905, and the stone quarry closed in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The preserve occupies 360 acre north of Mine Hills Road in northwestern Roxbury. It occupies the eastern face of the eponymous hill, whose summit and western portions are in neighboring New Milford. A parking area on Mine Hills Road provides access to the trails. There is a short (0.2 mile) loop leading to the area where the blast furnaces are located, and a longer 3.5-mile trail that loops through the areas where the 18th and 19th-century mining activities took place. A short 0.3-mmile trail provides access to the reservoir site.</p><br>
<p>Worth County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Grant City, Worth County, Missouri. It was built in 1898–1899, and is a 2 1/2-story, rectangular, brown brick building with elements of the Classical Revival and Renaissance Revival style. It has a hipped roof with dormers topped by a galvanized iron tower with a clock face on each facade. It has round arched opening and features a portico of three semi-elliptical arches and parapet.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Rainey Funeral Home Building, also known as Roller-Brllce Funeral Home, Barber-Barto Funeral Home, Barber-Edwards Funeral Home, Barber-Edwards-Arthur Funeral Home, Arthur Funeral Home, and Arthur&#39;s Colonial Chapel, is a historic funeral home located at Marshfield, Webster County, Missouri. It was built about 1938, and consists of a -story rectangular main building, two-story tower, and a one-story wing. It is in the Tudor Revival style. It is of wood frame and steel construction with a facade of native Webster County fieldstone with raised mortar joints. The building features a round tower with a conical roof and glass block windows.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Hosmer Dairy Farm Historic District, also known as Walnut Springs Farm, is a historic dairy farm and national historic district located near Marshfield, Webster County, Missouri. The district contains two contributing buildings: a dairy barn  with two attached silos and horse barn . The dairy barn is a frame bank barn on a limestone block foundation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Grove City Hall, also known as Mountain Grove City Hall and Jail, is a historic city hall located at Mountain Grove, Wright County, Missouri. It was built in 1937–1938, and is a two-story, flat-roofed building in the Works Progress Administration &#39;s version of Modern style, WPA Moderne. The building is clad in unfinished native field stone with beaded mortar joints, a technique commonly referred to as "Ozark rock" or "giraffe rock" construction. It was funded by the WPA and constructed with local labor.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Grove Bandstand is a historic bandstand located in the town square at Mountain Grove, Wright County, Missouri. It was built in 1915, and is a stucco covered American Craftsman style open bandstand. It is a small square structure measuring 14 feet, 3 inches, on a side. It was dedicated by Vice President Thomas R. Marshall.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Administration Building, Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station, also known as the Old Administration Building, is a historic experiment station building located near Mountain Grove, Wright County, Missouri. It was designed by architect Henry H. Hohenschild and built in 1900. It is a -story, Tudor Revival style red brick building on a limestone block foundation. It measures 42 ft by 59 ft. The building features a bellcast roof with pedimented gables, large scrolled brackets, and a squat round corner tower with a conical roof.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Kelton House, also known as the Curtis Kelton House and Pyatt House, is a historic home located at Hartville, Wright County, Missouri, United States. It was built about 1895, and incorporates an earlier timber frame central passage plan I-house dated to the mid-1870s. It is a two-story, Late Victorian-style frame dwelling. Also on the property is a contributing smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>This home also sits on the battlefield of The Battle of Hartville, 1863. The 99th Illinois was stationed at the location where the house is built during the battle.</p><br>
<p>The Romeo and Juliet Windmill is a wooden structure designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in the town of Wyoming, Wisconsin . The building is on the Taliesin estate and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The windmill was designed in 1896 after being commissioned by Wrights aunts, Jane and Ellen Lloyd Jones, who needed the windpump to provide water for their school, the Hillside Home School. The diamond-shaped portion of the windmill intersects the portion with the balcony that sits on an octagonal structure. The balcony is accessible through an interior stairway. Wright named these two parts of the building "Romeo" and "Juliet". "Romeo" is the lozenge and "Juliet", the octagon. Architectural historian, Neil Levine explained the principles behind the lozenge and octagon: gave the tower a bold geometric form as a structural solution to the expression of the towers role as a landmark. The pump rod and support for the wheel are carried up within an acutely angled lozenge shape pointed southeast to deflect blasts of wind like a "storm prow". This angular element is inserted halfway into a larger octagonal volume that contains and supports it throughout nearly its full height. Wright called the composition Romeo and Juliet, likening its conjugate geometry to an amorous union.</p><br>
<p>After resistance from his uncles about the design, Wright explained the windmill to the aunts:Of course you had a hard time with Romeo and Juliet. But you know how troublesome they were centuries ago. The principle they represent still causes mischief in the world because it is so vital. Each is indispensable to the other... neither could stand without the other. Romeo, as you will see, will do all the work and Juliet cuddle alongside to support and exhalt him. Romeo takes the side of the blast and Juliet will entertain the school children. Let&#39;s let it go at that.</p><br>
<p>According to the local Spring Green newspaper, The Weekly Home News, the windmill was completed in 1897. The Romeo and Juliet Windmill was the second structure the aunts commissioned from Wright. The first one, which no longer exists, was Hillside Home School I built in 1887. The third structure designed by Wright for the Hillside Home School was a stone educational facility, the Hillside Home School II, known today as the Hillside Home School, since it is the only one of the two that still exists.</p><br>
<h2>The Taliesin Historic District</h2><br>
<p>Romeo and Juliet is one of five buildings designed by Frank Lloyd Wright on what became his property, which is now known as the Taliesin estate. From the windmill, it is possible to see three of the other structures on the Taliesin estate: his home Taliesin is on an adjacent hill to the north, Tan-y-Deri (his sisters house) is near the windmills base, and the Hillside Home School is down the hill to windmill&#39;s south. Also on the estate is the farming structure, Midway Barn.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Originally clad in shingles, the windmill was re-clad in cypress board and batten in 1938. Repairs on the windmill were attempted by its owner, the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation and an effort on restoration was completed in 1992 by the newly formed Taliesin Preservation, Inc., which carries out restoration on the Taliesin estate with assistance from the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. The windmill no longer pumps water.</p><br>
<p>The Simon Bradstreet House is a historic house built in 1723 located at 1 Mechanic Street, at the corner of Pearl Street, in Marblehead, Massachusetts. It is a contributing building in the National Register of Historic Places-listed Marblehead Historic District. The house was erected by the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, the great grandson of the last bay colony governor. and the second minister of the Second Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>The house is noted to be one of the "more substantial" Georgian style buildings in the district, being a five-bay, two-and-a-half story structure featuring dormers, a pedimented entry, and a gambrel roof, in contrast to lesser three-bay structures.</p><br>
<p>On January 4, 1738, Simon Bradstreet was ordained and received £140 from the General Court, which had been voted to compensate Marblehead for the loss of his predecessor Rev. Edward Holyoke, who left to become the president of Harvard College. These funds were used to construct the house. He served as minister from 1738 to 1771. Bradstreet graduated from Harvard university in 1731 and gave the valedictory oration.</p><br>
<p>Simon Bradstreet was replaced as minister by Isaac Story, Story was introduced to his congregation in Marblehead by Ebenezer Pemberton in his sermon to the community. Story married the daughter of Bradstreet (Rebecca Bradstreet) and moved into the house. Story was born in 1749 and a native of Boston, a graduate of the College of New Jersey in 1768. He was the minister of the Second Congregational Church of Marblehead in Marblehead, Massachusetts, from 1771-1802. Story was acquainted with and corresponded with several of the founding fathers, including George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison. Story died in 1816.</p><br>
<p>Storys sermons were mentioned in the diary of John Quincy Adams. Although Storys tenure at Marblehead was lengthy, his relationship with the congregation became increasingly strained and he resigned his pastorate in 1802. Following his resignation, he wrote Thomas Jefferson several times requesting a civil appointment. He was made a commissioner of bankruptcy in 1802, only to be informed by Thomas Jefferson that his appointment was a mistake and was intended for Joseph Story, his nephew.</p><br>
<p>The Cambridge room in Cambridge, MA received a collection of letters between Story and Washington and Jefferson that are in excellent condition and are available for the public to research.</p><br>
<p>Chance Bradstreet, the African American slave that was a subject of the "within these walls" exhibit at the National Museum of American History was born in this home in 1762. He was later sold to Abraham Dodge of Ipswitch by Isaac Story. A copy of the agreement between Isaac Story and Abraham Dodge to lease Chance is shown below.</p><br>
<p>It is also the house that William Story, Esq, the father of Reverend Isaac Story, resided at the time of his death. William was the Clerk of the Admiralty, prior to the American revolution, and at the time of the stamp act being enacted his office and later the home of Thomas Hutchinson was entered on the evening of August 26, 1765 by a crowd of angry citizens and vandalized. Possibly the attack on Story, was a carefully calculated effort to destroy records of debt and other incriminating evidence against Massachusetts merchants. But the indisputable fact was that William Story, who stood with Sam Adams in 1763, stood with Thomas Hutchinson in 1765. He was also a client of John Adams when we was practicing law in Boston</p><br>
<p>One of William Storys sons Dr. Elisha Story was a participant in the Boston Tea Party and also moved to Marblehead, where the home still stands at 102 Washington St. One of William Storys grandchildren, Joseph Story, went on to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>The Salisbury Center Historic District encompasses the historic town center and main commercial district of Salisbury, Connecticut. Established in 1741, it has served in that role since, and now reflects a typical 19th-century small town center. It extends along Main Street, between its junctions with Library Street and Under Mountain Road. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Salisbury, located in Connecticut&#39;s northwest corner, was incorporated in 1741, and thrived economically on the exploitation of iron ore which had been found in its hills. This resource was overtaken by technological advances by the American Civil War, and the town experienced no significant further economic growth. The town center developed in the mid-1740s, with the Bushnell Tavern established in 1746, and the cemetery in 1750. A portion of the original tavern survives in altered form at 6 Factory Street.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is bounded on the north by the triangular town green, formed by the junction of Main Street and Under Mountain Road, and the White Hart Tavern, a rambling building dating to about 1800. The southern end of the district is anchored by the civic buildings of the town hall and the Scoville Library, both set on large landscaped lots. The town hall is a modern construction from 1988, but retains traditional features such as clapboard siding and pilasters, while the library is an 1894 Romanesque stone building donated by a local benefactor. The commercial district is a roughly three-block area set between these, with modestly scaled two-story buildings, many of which are former residences converted to commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The Valdosta Commercial Historic District in Valdosta, Georgia is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and expanded in 2002. It includes 81 contributing resources and 23 non-contributing resources. The original listing included all or part of nine city blocks in a roughly square 25 acre area. The expansion listing added 2 acre with six contributing buildings and its documentation revised the classification of some of the original area&#39;s properties.</p><br>
<p>It includes:</p><br>
<p>Lowndes County Courthouse (1906), designed by Frank P. Milburn (1868-1926), separately listed on the NRHP in 1980</p><br>
<p>111 South Ashley Street, designed by Stephen F. Fulgham (1857-1928)</p><br>
<p>Converse-Girardin Building, 121-123 North Patterson, designed by Stephen F. Fulgham</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church (1898), designed by Stephen F. Fulgham</p><br>
<p>USA Courthouse and Post Office (1908), the current Valdosta City Hall, designed by Lloyd Greer (1885-</p><br>
<p>1952)</p><br>
<p>Daniel Ashley Hotel, designed by Edward E. Dougherty (1876-1943) of Dougherty and Gardner.</p><br>
<p>First Methodist Church (1905).</p><br>
<p>The Seminole County Courthouse in Donalsonville, Georgia is a two-story Beaux Arts-style courthouse that was built in 1922. It was renovated in 1977–78. It has an Ionic tetrastyle projecting entrance with two-story columns. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect William J.J. Chase. A 1980 architectural survey form about the courthouse asserted that it "is the most outstanding building in Donalsonville, a town of 3,500 people. Architecturally it is one of the more outstanding 1920s courthouse structures in the state, because of the plan and the interior and exterior detailing."</p><br>
<p>It is also a contributing building in the NRHP-listed Donalsonville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The George and Margaret Cooper House is a historic building located in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, United States. It is a fine example of the Italianate style, which was a popular style for residential architecture in Mount Pleasant from the 1850s to the mid-1880s The two-story brick house features an asymmetrical plan, a low-pitched hip roof, wide bracketed eaves, and long, narrow windows. The full-width front porch has square paneled columns with foliate designs in the capitals and brackets. A single-story wing is attached to the rear of the house. A two-story, five sided wing was added to the west side of the house about ten years after the main part of the house was built. The house was built for George Cooper, a taylor, and it remained in his family until 1921. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph A. and Lydia A. Edwards House is a historic building located east of Salem, Iowa, United States. This two-story structure is a rare stone building in Henry County, and it reflects building construction from the settlement period of the county. Joseph Edwards acquired this farm in 1841. He initially lived in a house located to the west, and this house replaced it in 1866. The Italianate style residence features a symmetrical facade, flat stone lintels and window sills, a cubical form capped with a hip roof, and a wide frieze with paired brackets. It is believed that the stone for the houses construction was quarried on the north side of the Edwards farm. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Owen A. and Emma J. Garretson House is a historic building located east of Salem, Iowa, United States. Its significance is derived from its association with Owen Garretson, a local farmer, politician, and historian. His parents, Joel C. and Elizabeth  Garretson, were two of the earliest settlers in Henry County, settling here in 1837. The elder Garretsons were opposed to slavery and their farm house was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Owen farmed with his father, and eventually acquired his fathers farm. He was involved locally and on the state level with the People&#39;s Party, served as a county supervisor, and on the boards of local institutions. Garretson was the president of the Henry County Historical Society, and was a member of the State Historical Society of Iowa. He wrote several articles on the history of Henry County and southeast Iowa that were published in Palimpsest and the Iowa Journal of History and Politics.</p><br>
<p>The house was built around the turn of the 20th century. The 2½-story frame Queen Anne was built on a limestone foundation. It features asymmetrical massing, fishscale shingled gables with gable returns, a side bay window, cornerboards, window surrounds, and the sunburst gable on the wrap around front porch. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Quadrangle Dormitories  are a complex of 39 conjoined residence houses at the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The architectural firm of Cope and Stewardson designed the houses in an exuberant Neo-Jacobean version of the Collegiate Gothic style, and completed most of them between 1894 and 1912. The dormitories stretch from 36th to 38th Streets and from Spruce Street to Hamilton Walk . West of the Memorial Tower at 37th Street, the houses on the north side follow the diagonal of Woodland Avenue  and form a long triangle with the houses on the south side. From 1895 to 1971, the dormitories housed only male students.</p><br>
<p>The Quadrangle Dormitories were listed as a contributing property in the University of Pennsylvania Campus Historic District in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Quad is now grouped into 3 college houses: Fisher Hassenfeld College House (west), Ware College House (center), and Riepe College House (east). As "first-year communities," they currently (2017) house approximately 1,445 students.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Quadrangle was the first major dormitory built by the university. Prior to its construction, the undergraduate components of the College (25 to 50 percent of student body) was populated by many commuters from Philadelphia-area residents; students from elsewhere lived in fraternities, Philadelphia relatives or family friends, or found lodgings in off-campus boarding houses, some of which were owned by Penn. The driving force behind building the dormitory was Charles Custis Harrison, heir to a sugar fortune and university provost, 1894–1910. He removed the unofficial campus architect, Frank Furness, replacing him with Cope & Stewardson, who were making a reputation as practitioners of the fashionable Collegiate Gothic style. Walter Cope and John Stewardson had designed exquisitely detailed historicist buildings for Bryn Mawr College beginning in the late-1880s, but the Quadrangle would be a project at a far larger scale and with a much higher level of ornament.</p><br>
<p>Provost Harrison took as his model the English college experience of Oxford and Cambridge, where students lived, studied, ate, socialized and worshiped in a single community. Often defraying construction costs with his own funds, Harrison, through Cope & Stewardson, remade the Penn campus with Collegiate Gothic buildings. Built on the former site of the universitys athletic fields, fifteen of the Quadrangles houses had been completed by 1897, and six more were added by 1906.</p><br>
<p>George Henderson, President of the Class of 1889, wrote a short book that he distributed to his classmates at their 20th reunion in June 1909. Old Penn and Other Universities charted Penn&#39;s strong growth in acreage and number of buildings between 1889 and 1909, but also the near-quadrupling in the size of the student body and the surge in out-of-state and foreign students. Henderson argued that the Quadrangle (then 22 buildings) played a vital role in attracting students, and made an impassioned plea for its expansion:</p><br>
<p>By 1912, the Spruce Street row had been extended to 36th Street and turned the corner to the newly completed Provosts Tower, honoring the recently retired Provost Harrison. Plans to add a chapel and a dining hall to the Quadrangle eventually were abandoned. Instead, the dining hall at Houston Hall was expanded in the 1930s. Construction of the Butcher, Speakman and Class of 28 Houses – along the south side of the Upper and Lower Quads (the site formerly reserved for a dining hall) – completed the Quadrangle&#39;s perimeter in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h3>1904 assessment</h3><br>
<p>In his praise for The Quad, architect Ralph Adams Cram revealed some of the ethnic and cultural implications underlying the Collegiate Gothic:</p><br>
<h2>College Houses</h2><br>
<h3>Fisher Hassenfeld</h3><br>
<p>Fisher Hassenfeld College House encompasses the western section of the Quad. It encloses two sides of the triangular Upper Quad, and includes the westernmost Little Quad. It is named for Jerome and Anne Fisher and Alan G. Hassenfeld, all alumni and trustees of the university, who funded its creation. Fisher Hassenfeld College House consists of 16 individual houses. As of Fall 2016, it housed 456 students, 433 of whom were freshmen.</p><br>
<p>Baird – Gift of his sons in memory of manufacturer John Baird.</p><br>
<p>Baldwin – Gift of John H. Converse in memory of Matthias W. Baldwin, founder of the Baldwin Locomotive Works.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Class of &#39;59 Music Room.</p><br>
<p>Brooks – Gift of the parishioners of the Church of the Holy Trinity in memory of their minister, Reverend Phillips Brooks.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Spitzer Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Carruth – Gift of John G. Carruth in memory of his daughter, Jean May.</p><br>
<p>Class of &#39;28 (1954) – Gift of members of the Class of 1928. Designed by Trautwein & Howard.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Lane Fitness Center and the Dickey Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Class of &#39;87 – Gift of members of the Class of 1887.</p><br>
<p>Contains the college house office and information center.</p><br>
<p>Craig – Gift of his family in memory of Wilson D. Craig, Class of 1878, who died while an undergraduate at the university.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Goldberg Lounge and the Spiegel Family Lobby.</p><br>
<p>Fitler – Gift of Edwin H. Fitler, Mayor of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>Foerderer – Gift of Robert H. Foerderer, USA Congressman from Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Foerderer Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Franklin – Named in honor of Benjamin Franklin, signer of the Declaration of Independence and the USA Constitution, Ambassador to France, President of Pennsylvania; founder, benefactor and trustee of the university.</p><br>
<p>Hopkinson – Named in honor of Francis Hopkinson, Class of 1757, signer of the Declaration of Independence, Secretary of the Navy, Judge of the Admiralty, Judge of the USA District Court of Pennsylvania, trustee of the university.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Hopkinson Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Leidy – Named in honor of Dr. Joseph Leidy, Class of 1844, Professor of Anatomy, 1853–91.</p><br>
<p>Lippincott – Gift of James Dundas Lippincott in memory of his father, Joshua Lippincott.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Kasirer and Platt Lounge.</p><br>
<p>McKean – Named in honor of Thomas McKean, signer of the Declaration of Independence, colonel in the Continental Army, President of Delaware and author of its Constitution, Governor of Pennsylvania, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, president of the board of trustees of the university.</p><br>
<p>Contains faculty housing and the McKean Lounge.</p><br>
<p>New York Alumni – Gift of alumni from the State of New York.</p><br>
<p>Provost Smith – Named in honor of Reverend William Smith, first provost of the university.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Provost Smith Lounge.</p><br>
<h3>Ware</h3><br>
<p>Ware College House encompasses the central section of the Quad. The H-shaped complex straddles the Upper and Lower Quads, and includes the Memorial Tower and buildings east of 37th Street. It is named for Congressman John H. Ware III, Wharton Class of 1930. Ware College House consists of 11 individual houses. As of Fall 2016, it housed 532 students, 505 of whom were freshmen.</p><br>
<p>Bodine – Gift of Samuel T. Bodine, Class of 1873.</p><br>
<p>Butcher (1954) – Designed by Trautwein & Howard.</p><br>
<p>Chesnut – Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Coxe – Named in honor of the Coxe family and Eckley Brinton Coxe, Jr., Class of 1893.</p><br>
<p>E.F. Smith – Named in honor of Edgar Fahs Smith, professor of chemistry, provost of the university.</p><br>
<p>Memorial Tower (1901) – Gift of alumni "in memory of the University of Pennsylvania men who served in the Spanish–American War."</p><br>
<p>The 5th-floor Top of the Tower Lounge is shared with Fisher Hassenfeld College House.</p><br>
<p>Morgan – Named in honor of Dr. John Morgan (physician), Class of 1757, founder of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School.</p><br>
<p>Morris – Gift of Ellen Waln Harrison in memory of her great-grandfather, Robert Morris (financier).</p><br>
<p>Rodney – Named in honor of Caesar Augustus Rodney, Class of 1789, USA Attorney General, USA Senator from Delaware.</p><br>
<p>Speakman (1954) – Designed by Trautwein & Howard.</p><br>
<p>Wilson – Named in honor of James Wilson, signer of the Declaration of Independence, colonel in the Continental Army, Professor of English, Professor of Law, Justice of the USA Supreme Court, trustee of the university.</p><br>
<h3>Riepe</h3><br>
<p>Riepe College House encompasses the eastern section of the Quad. It is named for James and Gail Petty Riepe, who pledged $10 million in 2004 to fund its creation. Riepe College House consists of 12 individual houses grouped around the East and South Quads. As of Fall 2016, it housed 464 students, 436 of whom were freshmen.</p><br>
<p>Ashhurst – Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Birthday – Gift of the wife and children of Provost Charles Custis Harrison, in commemoration of his 64th birthday.</p><br>
<p>Bishop White – Named in honor of Reverend William White, Class of 1765, Chaplain to the USA Congress, first Episcopal Bishop of Pennsylvania, first Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church of the United States, trustee of the university for 62 years.</p><br>
<p>Cleemann (1912–14) – Gift in memory of Dr. Richard A. Cleemann, Class of 1859, Medical School 1862. Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Graduate – Built to house graduate students.</p><br>
<p>Magee – Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Mask and Wig (1908) – Gift of the Mask and Wig Club in memory of its founder, Clayton F. McMichael, Class of 1891.</p><br>
<p>McIlhenny – Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Provosts Tower (1912) – Gift of the family and friends of Provost Charles Custis Harrison.</p><br>
<p>Plaques honor the first 12 provosts of the university.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Penn (1912–14) – Named in honor of Thomas Penn, proprietor of the Colony of Pennsylvania, grantor of the university&#39;s 1753 charter, patron and benefactor. Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>The archway connecting the East and South Quads passes under Thomas Penn House.</p><br>
<p>Ward – Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Warwick – Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<h2>Of special interest</h2><br>
<h3>Memorial Tower</h3><br>
<p>The Memorial Tower (1901) – formally, "War Memorial Tower" – honors Penn alumni who died in the Spanish–American War. Its carved limestone ornament was by sculptor Edward Maene. Located at 37th & Spruce Streets, the 6-story tower is the gateway to the Upper Quad.</p><br>
<h3>Provosts Tower</h3><br>
<p>The Provosts Tower (1912), honors the provosts of the university. It was the gift of the family and friends of Provost Charles Custis Harrison, commemorating his 1910 retirement. Its carved limestone ornament, by sculptor Edward Maene, features plaques honoring each of the first 12 provosts, and twin "headboards" with the Coat of Arms of Pennsylvania at the parapet. Its fifth floor is a 2-story library and lounge. Located at 36th Street just south of Spruce Street, the 7-story tower is the gateway to the Lower Quad.</p><br>
<h3>Junior Balcony – McClelland Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Junior Balcony is located at the west end of the Lower Quad between the North and South Steps. Originally called "The Terrace," it was expanded eastward in the 1950s and McClelland Hall, a lounge and study hall, was built in the space beneath it. McClelland is now the mail room for the entire Quad and features a small dining facility, McClelland Express.</p><br>
<p>Econ Scream: At midnight on the eve of the first Microeconomics 001 midterm exam, hundreds of students (predominantly freshmen) try to release stress by participating in a collective scream on the Junior Balcony.</p><br>
<h3>Little Quad</h3><br>
<p>The Little Quad, located in the westernmost part of the Upper Quad, is the smallest of the green spaces. It is enclosed by Foerderer (with its 3-arch cloister), Baldwin, Class of &#39;87 and McKean Houses, along with the iron fence that separates it from Hamilton Walk. It is sometimes called "The Nipple"</p><br>
<h3>Sculpture</h3><br>
<p>The Scholar and the Football Player (1900, bronze) by Alexander Stirling Calder. Calder&#39;s bronze miniature adorns the Class of 1892 Drinking Fountain. Located under the North Arcade, at the top of the North Steps.</p><br>
<p>The Reverend George Whitefield (1918, bronze) by Robert Tait McKenzie was removed in 2020 due to revelation that Whitefield actively advocated on religious grounds for Georgia to allow slavery. Whitefields Meeting House and Charity School (1740) became Benjamin Franklins Academy of Philadelphia (1751), a predecessor of the university. Formerly located at the east end of the Upper Quad.</p><br>
<p>Charles Custis Harrison (1925, bronze) by Frank Lynn Jenkins. "he seated figure of Provost Harrison who gazes across his proudest creation." Located at the west end of the Upper Quad.</p><br>
<h3>Architectural sculpture</h3><br>
<p>The dormitories are adorned with a total of 163 limestone gargoyles, bosses (cartoonish grotesques), and other carved elements. The Memorial Tower and the Provosts Tower feature carved limestone plaques and ornament by Edward Maene. The Upper Quad is decorated with 69 limestone bosses, spaced about 8 feet apart along the belt course between the second and third stories. These were carved in situ by Maene&#39;s crew, working from scaffolding.</p><br>
<h3>Spring Fling</h3><br>
<p>Spring Fling is an annual festival of food, music, and student performances. Usually held the weekend before the end of the spring semester, it originated at the Quad in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Munroe–Dunlap–Snow House in Macon, Georgia is a small house that was built in about 1857. It appears originally to have been a five-room Victorian cottage. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places individually as well as by serving as a contributing building in the Macon Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was built for Nathaniel Campbell Munroe who was prominent in Macon in various ways: as secretary of the Board of Health and of the Macon Lyceum and Library Society, as a director of the Macon and Western Railroad and of the Macon Manufacturing Company, as a warden of Christ Church, as "a great contributor to the cause of the Confederacy". He owned the house until 1862.</p><br>
<p>A later owner was Captain Samuel S. Dunlap, leader of the Bibb County Cavalry. Peter J. Bracken, engineer of The Texas in the Great Locomotive Chase died in the house.</p><br>
<p>The Frederick S. Sanford House is a historic house on Hat Shop Hill Road in Bridgewater, Connecticut. Probably built in the early 19th century, it was extensively altered later in that century, achieving an exterior Italianate form that is the finest in the town, and an interior exhibiting various stages of alteration. It was owned by Frederick and Glover Sanford, owners of a prominent local hat making factory. The property was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Frederick S. Sanford House is located in a rural residential area west of the village center of Bridgewater, on the north side of Hat Shop Hill Road. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, roughly cubical in shape, with a three-story tower projecting from the center of the front facade. Deck sections extend beside the tower and in front of it, with supporting square paneled posts. The tower has round-arch windows in the second and third levels, with a decorative Gothic hood sheltering the second-floor windows, and an extended eave with brackets around those at the top of the tower. The interior exhibits a combination of mainly Greek Revival and Italianate elements, reflective of the building&#39;s major periods of alteration.</p><br>
<p>Nehemiah Sanford moved to what is now Bridgewater (then the eastern parish of New Milford) in 1772. His son Glover entered into the hat-making business, establishing a factory in 1823 east of this property that employed 125 by the end of the 19th century. The property he purchased included what was probably a -story Cape style house that forms the core of this house. It underwent two major alterations: the first was probably before 1849, the date of his son Frederick&#39;s marriage, after which the house was jointly owned by father and son. Both men were politically active, the father serving in town government, and the son representing the area in the state legislature. The house was sold out of the family in 1873, having by then undergone a full transformation to the Italian villa form it now has. It was later repurchased by a Sanford descendant, but again sold out of the family in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The Carl F. Schoverling Tobacco Warehouse is a historic industrial storage building at 1 Wellsville Avenue in New Milford, Connecticut. Also known locally as the Flatiron Building, it was built in 1897 by one of the region&#39;s leading tobacco processing businesses, and is one of only two such buildings to surviving from period in the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Schoverling Tobacco Warehouse stands north of downtown New Milford, occupying a roughly triangular lot at the northern junction of Wellsville Avenue and</p><br>
<p>Housatonic Avenue. It is a two-story wood frame structure with a flat roof, clapboarded exterior, and partially exposed brick foundation. It presents a narrow two-bay facade to the street junction, and gradually widens. Its main facade is the long side facing Wellness Avenue, while the western facade, facing Housatonic Avenue, is where shipping activities were originally focused. The building interior retains massive timber framing, and a rare example of an early elevator, originally powered by a water pump.</p><br>
<p>When this warehouse was built in 1897, it was described as one of the most advanced tobacco warehouses in the country, featuring all of the latest amenities. New Milford was then the primary center for processing tobacco leaf grown in the Housatonic River valley, used for wrapping cigars. It was built by Carl Schoverling, the son and nephew of two German immigrants who were major figures in the local tobacco industry. The building originally had wings extending to the west (where Housatonic Avenue) now runs, and was conveniently sited near the Housatonic Railroad. Its use by the Schoverlings was short-lived: the business closed in 1903, apparently due to setbacks caused by repeated crop failures. After passing through bank ownership, it was again used as a tobacco warehouse into the 1930s, after which it has been used by a variety of other businesses.</p><br>
<p>The Southeastern Holiness Institute, also known as Chason&#39;s Hospital and as Donalsonville Hospital, was built in 1914. It was built as a religious educational institution, but was converted in 1918 to a private hospital. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Peter E. Dennis in provincial Georgian Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The Scoville Powerhouse is a historic former power generation facility at Twin Lakes and Taconic Roads in the Taconic neighborhood of Salisbury, Connecticut. Built about 1899, it provided power to the surrounding estate of the Scoville family, owners of local iron mining and processing operations. It was converted into a privated residence in the 1950s, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Scoville Powerhouse is located in a rural-residential cluster in northeastern Salisbury, at the northwest corner of Twin Lakes Road and Beaver Dam Road. It is set on the south bank of Schenob Brook, near the outlet of the Twin Lakes. It is stories in height, built out of stone, brick, and concrete and covered by a steeply pitched hip roof. The front facade faces east toward Taconic Road, and is dominated by two steep gables, each rising above now-glassed openings that resemble the openings for carriages in carriage houses. The gable edges are decorated with Gothic style bargeboard. The building has rustic stone corner quoins. The water that powered the building&#39;s turbine (still in situ but now bypassed and not operation) was provided via a penstock that runs under Taconic Road just south of the dam (which the road crosses over).</p><br>
<p>This site on Schenob Brook was first used for power generation in the 18th century, powering a forge and gristmill c. 1748. Land in this area was acquired by Herbert and Robert Scoville in 1899. The Scovilles were by then important political and business leaders in the community, owning one of the local iron works. The developed this area as a country estate, building a large stone country manor (destroyed by fire), a carriage house (across Schenob Brook, also converted to a residence), and the powerhouse, which provided electricity to the estate. Family records are unclear on how long the power station operated, but the estate was sold off in portions in the mid-20th century. The power station was sold in the 1950s and converted into a residence.</p><br>
<p>The John Shepard House is a historic house on Shepard Park Road in Norfolk, Connecticut. Built in 1922, it is one of more than thirty architecturally distinguished houses built in Norfolk to designs by Alfredo S.G. Taylor. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John Shepard House is located in a residential area on the north side of Norfolk village. It is set on the south side of Shepard Road, roughly midway between Mills Lane and Maple Avenue. It is a sprawling -story structure, built mainly of rubblestone, with a central rectangular section flanked by wings set at an angle. The style roughly resembles that of a Swiss chateau, with heavy dark chestnut clapboards and a recessed porch with balcony above. The roof has a shallow pitch, and is pierced by truncated gable dormers. Windows are irregular in size and spacing, and are typically fitted with small panes. The interior is divided into public spaces in the center and north wing ground floors, bedrooms above those, and the service and servants wing to the south.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1922, and was one of the later commissions in Norfolk of New York City architect Alfredo S.G. Taylor. Taylor spent many summers in Norfolk in the early 20th century, and is credited with more than thirty commissions. This house includes a number of his signature features, including the use of rustic stone and heavy woodwork, and the angled wings, all of which appear on a number of his works.</p><br>
<p>The David Sherman House is a historic house on Middle Quarter Road in Woodbury, Connecticut. Built about 1760, it is a well-preserved example of Colonial architecture. In 1781, David Sherman is reported to have hosted a ball for officers of the French Army of the Comte de Rochambeau during their march across Connecticut. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The David Sherman House is located in southern Woodbury, on the west side of Middle Quarter Road a short way south of its junction with Old Sherman Hill Road. It shares a lot with a commercial property fronting on Connecticut Route 64, from which it is partially screened by vegetation. The house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof, off-center central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It is four bays wide, with the main entrance in the center-right bay, in front of the chimney. The entry surround, probably of early 19th century date, has fluted pilasters and a corniced entablature; the rest of the house&#39;s trim is quite simple. A -story ell, built about 1817, extends to the rear of the main block, which exhibits a saltbox profile.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1760. Its principal significance is in the events of 1781, when the French forces of the Expédition Particulière passed through the region, en route from Providence, Rhode Island to the Siege of Yorktown in the American Revolutionary War. According to local histories first recorded in the 1870s, David Sherman offered some of those troops apples and apple cider, and hosted a social event for officers who had encamped at Newtown, and could reach his house by horse. The event was probably one of the last such social occasions for the French, who went onto tighter discipline after departing Newtown and approaching British-occupied New York City.</p><br>
<p>The Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice is a community organization dedicated to preserving and propagating the legacy of Pauli Murray , a pioneering legal advocate of African-American civil rights in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It is located at the former Pauli Murray Family Home at 906 Carroll Street in Durham, North Carolina, the house where Murray was raised. In 2015, the property was named a national treasure by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The Pauli Murray Center is located in Durham&#39;s West End, on a.27-acre plot of land on the west side of Carroll Street north of Morehead Avenue. The building, unlike its neighbors, is set back from the street, from which it is separated by a long lawn. It is a modest -story frame building and was more commonly referred to as "a story and a jump" due to the small, low-ceilinged second floor. It has a side gable roof and its exterior is clad in German siding. A gable rises above the front entrance, which is sheltered by a porch. The house is not architecturally distinguished.</p><br>
<h3>Building history</h3><br>
<p>The maternal grandparents of Pauli Murray, Robert and Cornelia Fitzgerald, purchased the once-larger, one-acre parcel of land in 1898 for $200. The present house was built soon afterward. It is here that Murray was raised, by her grandparents and aunts, from the age of three after her mother died. Education was emphasized in this environment, and Murray went on to a long and varied career as a civil rights activist, legal theorist, writer, and Episcopalian priest. She was on the forefront of attempts to gain admission to racially segregated institutions of higher learning in the 1930s, and experimented with acts of civil disobedience against racial segregation in the American South that would become important elements of the successful civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s. She wrote legal treatises and court briefs that have shaped a generation of civil rights jurisprudence and legislation, and wrote a seminal work describing in detail the segregationist laws of each state. United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg explicitly credited Murray as a contributor to some of her legal briefs advancing the rights of women.</p><br>
<p>Murray described her memories of the house In her 1956 memoir, Proud Shoes: The Story of An American Family. She wrote that, after her grandfather Robert Fitzgerald was blinded during the Civil War, he supervised the building of the house by touch. "It was as if he had built himself into the structure, for it had his stubborn character," she wrote, adding that the house "was more than a home; it was a monument to Grandfather&#39;s courage and tenacity."</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The restoration project began in July 2015, when the Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice received a $4,500 grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation to produce a historic structure report on the Pauli Murray home. The project was directed by Barbara Lau of the Duke Human Rights Center at the Franklin Humanities Institute. The report was meant to inform rehabilitation plans and provide a framework for forming a historic center at the site. The report compiled previous research, produced new research, and included information from experts.</p><br>
<p>Later in 2015, after the report was published, Iron Mountain, an information management company, provided additional funding to the Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice. This money enabled the organization to start preserving the foundation of the home and making exterior renovations to reverse neglect, water damage, and partial demolition.</p><br>
<p>By 2016, the project was underway. Funds from Iron Mountain and The Marion Stedman Covington Foundation were used to restore the exterior of the house to its appearance in photos taken between 1898 and 1906. Missing features, such as doors, the front porch, and windows, have been replicated. The home was also jacked up six inches in the center, the foundation was replaced, and new piers were laid to replace the ones damaged due to runoff from the public cemetery nearby. The color of the exterior was also changed from white to a blue gray shade to match the home&#39;s look in 1910.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the National Park Service awarded the Pauli Murray Center for Historical and Social Justice a $237,575 grant through its National Park Service African American Civil Rights Grant Program. The Pauli Murray Project has started to use this money to rehabilitate the interior of the home.</p><br>
<h2>Planned museum</h2><br>
<p>The Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice plans for the restored house to operate as a museum set to open in 2020. This museum will serve as a community center for education, history, and social justice. However, due to limitations, such as the small size of the house and the fact that the Center only owns a single artifact—Pauli Murrays address book—the house will not be a traditional museum. Instead, it will make use of text panels and interactive exhibits to tell Murrays story. It will also host a variety of community programming.</p><br>
<p>The Brinson Family Historic District in Brinson, Georgia, United States, is a 14 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It has six contributing buildings and two other contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>It includes the 1901-built Brinson Methodist Church, its parsonage, and four other houses, all associated with the Brinson family.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Homer Hodges Brinson House, the Simeon Brinson House, the O&#39;Neal-Brinson House and the Brinson-Russell House.</p><br>
<p>The district is also notable for its landscape architecture, in particular "for the extensively and historically landscaped yards of the individual houses in the district and for its historic pecan grove and street trees."</p><br>
<p>85th and Manchester "Three Trails" Trail Segment is a historic Santa Fe Trail segment located at Kansas City, Jackson County, Missouri. The segment is a deep and wide swale that diverges around a natural rock outcrop and measures approximately 390 ft long. The segment may have been on the route of the original Santa Fe trading expedition led by William Becknell in 1821.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Skilton Road Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge, carrying Skilton Road across the Nonewaug River in northwestern Watertown, Connecticut. The bridge was built in 1865–66, and is a rare well-preserved example of a mid-19th century stone bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Skilton Road Bridge is located in a rural-residential area of northwestern Watertown, spanning the Nonewaug River between Hinman Road and Hickory Lane. The bridge has an overall length of 35 ft, with a single arch spanning 20 ft. It is made of dry laid local stone, and is built on a stone ledge on one side and a stone abutment on the other. The stones which form the barrel of the arch are roughly worked, while those filling the spandrels show little evidence of work. The arch is a slightly asymmetrical segmented arch, probably due to the difficulties involved in working at the site. The bridge is 16 ft wide, and carries a single lane of traffic.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built either in 1865–66, after the town voted in 1865 to fund its construction; Skilton Road was at the time the major route between Watertown and Bethlehem. Stone, a more expensive construction material than wood, was probably chosen because of its longer lifespan, and because a mill dam just upstream (now breached) whose breach would have caused flooding that would endanger a wooden bridge. This bridge is fairly typical of mid-19th century stone bridges, which were once quite numerous in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Jason Skinner House is a historic house at 21 Wintergreen Circle in Harwinton, Connecticut. Built around 1845, it is a well-preserved local example of a vernacular Greek Revival farmhouse. Originally located in a rural setting, it was disassembled and moved to its present location near the town offices in 1985. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Jason Skinner House stands on the south side of Wintergreen Circle, a loop of public housing adjacent to the municipal office and library complex in central Harwinton. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof, interior brick chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. It has wide corner pilasters rising to an entablature. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by a transom window and cornice. The interior rooms retain the original woodwork and much of its historical appearance.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime in the mid-1840s by Jason Skinner, a prosperous local farmer. It was located on the eastern shore of Valley View Pond, a rural setting south of its present location. In 1985, it was carefully disassembled and moved to its current location. Some of its deteriorated and vandalized elements were replaced with reproductions, and the 20th-century interior elements were modernized. The house now serves as the office of the local public housing authority.</p><br>
<p>The Bainbridge Residential Historic District in Bainbridge, Georgia is an irregularly shaped 125 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It then had 197 contributing buildings and 76 non-contributing ones. The overall plan of the neighborhood was also deemed to be a contributing resource.</p><br>
<p>The district encompasses the largest and only intact historic neighborhood in Bainbridge. It includes houses of numerous 19th-and early 20th-century house styles and sizes.</p><br>
<p>Two antebellum houses, both built around 1850, are included in the district:</p><br>
<p>the Farrar House at 501 East Evans Street, a two-story simplified Greek Revival style house, with a monumental two-story entry porch, and</p><br>
<p>the Barrel House at 627 East Planter Street, a one-story house with square pillars and pilasters on its inset front verandah.</p><br>
<p>Most houses in the area were built between 1880 and 1930, in subdivisions that merged.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP nomination notes that "One of the architecturally interesting streets in the southwest section of the district is Washington Street, which contains a large collection of pyramidal roofed houses. These one-story frame structures are dominated by their seemingly oversized roofs, with ornamentation limited to turned columns on the front porches. This house type can also be found in the northeast part of the district, on Georgia Avenue, historically a black neighborhood."</p><br>
<p>The J. W. Callahan House is a Classical Revival-style house in Bainbridge, Georgia that was built in c. 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It was home of John Wesley Callahan, steamship businessman. It is a two-and-a-half-story house with a dormered hipped roof supported by a monumental portico with four Corinthian columns. It has a curved one-story porch around three sides of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Childs Sports Building is a historic private recreational sports facility on Windrow Road in Norfolk, Connecticut. Built in 1930, it is an architecturally distinctive stone building with medieval features, designed by Alfredo S.G. Taylor. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Childs Sports Building is located in a rural-residential setting south of the village center of Norfolk, on the north side of Windrow Road near its junction with Gamefield Road. This area is part of what was once a large country estate of the Childs family. The building is a -story masonry structure, built out of rough fieldstone and capped by a roof with clipped gables. It is roughly rectangular in plan, with a round turret rising at its northeast corner to a low-pitch conical roof. The interior and roof framing are done with massive timbers recycled from old barns, which were also the source of the rough planking on the interior walls. The ground floor offers indoor courts for playing squash, badminton, and fives, as well as mens and womens dressing rooms. The upper level has a trophy hall and a billiard room.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1930 to a design by New York City architect Alfredo S.G. Taylor. Taylor spent many summers in Norfolk, and is credited with more than thirty commissions in the community. A number of them share the medieval features used in this building: the rough rustic stone and wood finishes, and heavy slate roof. Details of the building were published in American Architect and Building News after its construction. Taylor&#39;s work for the Childs family also included the Starling Childs Camp on Doolittle Lake, and the Tom Thumb House.</p><br>
<p>The Douglas County Courthouse in Lawrence, Kansas is a three-and-a-half-story stone building erected in 1903.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by noted 19th-century architect John G. Haskell in association with another architect, Frederick C. Gunn.</p><br>
<p>It is a Richardsonian Romanesque work.</p><br>
<p>Its "dominant feature" is a six-story-tall square clock tower, with four minarets and a pyramidal roof topped by a metal finial. There is also a smaller octagonal stair tower with an eight-sided roof, topped by another finial. Windows in the stair tower alternate on the five visible sides of the tower.</p><br>
<p>The Kahlert Mercantile Store is a historic commercial building in Browerville, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1883 as Browerville was springing up around a newly built railroad line. The simple wooden building with a false front contained retail space on the ground floor and a community meeting hall upstairs. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 for having local significance in the themes of commerce and exploration/settlement. It was nominated for being a highly intact example of the vernacular commercial architecture erected in Minnesota&#39;s railroad boomtowns.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Kahlert Mercantile Store is a two-story wood-frame building with a 25 by footprint. It has the squared-off false front typical of 19th-century rural and frontier towns. However the second floor rises a full story to accommodate the meeting hall, whereas most such buildings had a truncated upper floor. The Kahlert Store lacks any basement. The building is covered in clapboard siding broken by two-over-two sash windows.</p><br>
<p>A balcony once projected from the front façade. It was removed around 1910, likely to accommodate improvements to the adjacent street or sidewalk. The only other major exterior alteration is the addition of a sliding garage door near the rear of the north wall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kahlert Mercantile Store was established by brothers William and Ferdinand Kahlert. They were early settlers of Todd County who arrived in 1870, initially homesteading in Hartford Township. In 1882 the Sauk Center and Northern Railway—a subsidiary of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway—built a rail line nearby. Although mostly intended to access railroad-owned timber land, the rail line sparked the establishment of several towns along its route, including Browerville. Although a small village had been coalescing in Hartford Township, most of its business owners quickly relocated to the new trackside town, and the Kahlert brothers followed suit in 1883.</p><br>
<p>Their building, at the corner of Main Street and 6th Street, used the same false-front style as most of the other early construction in Browerville. They operated a general store and grocery out of the ground floor. Despite competition from several similar stores in town, the Kahlerts prospered and even expanded into an adjacent building by 1900. Over the same period the meeting hall they&#39;d established on the upper floor served as a popular venue for local gatherings, social events, and church services.</p><br>
<p>The Robbins Stoeckel House is a historic house on Litchfield Road in Norfolk, Connecticut. Built in 1907, it is a distinctive design of the architect Alfredo S.G. Taylor, featuring some of his signature elements. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Robbins Stoeckel House stands south of the village center of Norfolk, on the west side of Litchfield Road just south of the Mountain View Inn. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a dormered gable roof, and an exterior finished in stucco and wooden shingles. A gambrel-roofed ell extends from the north side. A fieldstone chimney rises on the front facade, near the junction between the original main block and the ell.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1907 to a design by Alfredo S.G. Taylor, a New York City-based architect who spent many summers in Norfolk. Taylor is credited with more than thirty commissions in Norfolk. This house exhibits a number of signature Taylor elements, including windows with small panes in both square and diamond configurations, the half-round window in the end of the gambrel gable, and the position of the entrance at the crook of the ell. The ell, although it was added in the 1920s for a subsequent owner, was also designed by Taylor.</p><br>
<p>The First African Missionary Baptist Church in Bainbridge, Georgia, is a Romanesque Revival-style church built during 1904–1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>It is a brick church. It was designed by Thomas H. Bynes, a member of the congregation who was a graduate of Tuskegee Institute, and is unusual as an "outstanding example of African-American church architecture in Georgia at the beginning of the 20th century", at a time when most churches founded and built by blacks were usually "plain, one-room frame structures, rectangular in shape with gable roofs" with "little or no ornamentation or architectural detailing."</p><br>
<p>The interior has 12 curved rows of pews arranged in a semi-circle.</p><br>
